Which entity is a federal public health program established in 1906 due to food and drug safety concerns?

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the correct answer because it was established in 1906, primarily in response to growing public concern over food and drug safety. This was a pivotal moment in American history that responded to unsafe practices in the food and pharmaceutical industries, which had been exacerbating health risks for consumers. The FDA's creation marked the beginning of federal regulation aimed at ensuring the safety and efficacy of food and drug products, reflecting a commitment to public health that continues to this day.

In contrast, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) focuses more broadly on disease prevention and control rather than specifically on food and drug safety. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is primarily concerned with medical research and supporting scientific studies, while the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) works to improve access to health care services for underserved populations. These entities each serve distinct roles within the public health landscape, but it was the FDA specifically that addressed the critical need for regulation of food and drug safety from its inception.